Abstract
Background:Respiratory diseases in newborns are considered major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Its causes are diverse and require early detection and management. This study aimed for detection of the prevalence and risk factors of respiratory diseases in addition to outcome among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit.Methods:Our study was a prospective observational study that was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit of Qena University Hospital, Egypt from July 2017 to July 2018. Demographic and clinical data of newborns and their mothers were evaluated and tabulated.Results:In this period, 312 neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, out of them 145 suffered respiratory diseases giving a prevalence of (46.5%), and (55.9%) were males. The mean neonatal age at admission was 4.33 ± 7.19 days and mean gestational age was 34.49 ± 3.31 weeks. The most common detected respiratory diseases were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; 49.6%), transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN; 22%), neonatal pneumonia (17.2%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS; 6.21%). Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), maternal diabetes and fetal prematurity had the highest risk factors for respiratory diseases occurrence in neonates. Neonatal mortality rate was 26.2%, mainly due to hyaline membrane disease and pneumonia.Conclusion:Respiratory diseases constitute major part of total admission in neonatal intensive care unit especially RDS, TTN, pneumonia and MAS. Prematurity and maternal diabetes were the most important risk factors associated with respiratory diseases. Respiratory distress syndrome carried the highest risk of mortality and TTN carried the highest survival rate.
Highlights
The neonatal period is a very critical period in life due to high possibility of acquiring potential life-threatening diseases and the complexity of the adaptive process of the neonate [1]
In the period of the study, 312 neonates were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit; of them 145 cases suffered from respiratory diseases giving an incidence of (46.5%) for neonatal respiratory diseases among total admission
Regarding the site of the delivery, 76 cases (52.4%) of those born at our hospital needed admission at our neonatal intensive care unit due to respiratory problems, 61 newborns were referred to our unit from other hospitals (42.1%) and 8 referred from private clinic (5.5%)
Summary
The neonatal period is a very critical period in life due to high possibility of acquiring potential life-threatening diseases and the complexity of the adaptive process of the neonate [1]. Respiratory diseases are the leading cause of early neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as the most frequent indication for both term and preterm neonates admission to the special care nursery [3]. This study aimed for detection of the prevalence and risk factors of respiratory diseases in addition to outcome among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit. Results: In this period, 312 neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, out of them 145 suffered respiratory diseases giving a prevalence of (46.5%), and (55.9%) were males. The most common detected respiratory diseases were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; 49.6%), transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN; 22%), neonatal pneumonia (17.2%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS; 6.21%). Conclusion: Respiratory diseases constitute major part of total admission in neonatal intensive care unit especially RDS, TTN, pneumonia and MAS. Respiratory distress syndrome carried the highest risk of mortality and TTN carried the highest survival rate
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