Abstract
BackgroundTo identify risk factors for the development of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening test.MethodsThe cross sectional study included a total of 532 eyes of 266 participants aged 30 to 49 years of Samsung Medical Center from February 2013 to April 2015. Presence of nuclear cataract was defined when the log MAR visual acuity with correction was greater than or equal to 0.2 and one or more of the following were met: Pentacam Nuclear Staging (PNS) grading score ≥ 1, average value of nuclear density ≥ 15%, maximum value of nuclear density ≥ 30%. Possible risk factors were obtained from blood tests and questionnaires of a health screening test of Samsung Medical Center. Association between nuclear cataract and risk factors was investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis by generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.ResultsFive factors were significantly associated with presenile nuclear cataract: current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–7.12, p = 0.0310], non-exercise and high amount of daily physical exercise (OR = 3.99, 95% CI, 1.27–12.52, p = 0.0178; OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.38–6.22, p = 0.0053), asthma (OR = 8.93, 95% CI, 1.12–71.15, p = 0.0386), tuberculosis (OR = 4.28, 95% CI, 1.36–13.50, p = 0.0131), and higher total iron binding capacity (OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 1.00–1.02, p = 0.0059).ConclusionsPresenile nuclear cataract is related to current smoking, non-exercise or high amount of physical exercise, asthma, tuberculosis, and iron deficiency status. The association of non-exercise group and presenile nuclear cataract seems to be related to co-morbidity. Patients with asthma, tuberculosis, or iron deficiency anemia are recommended to receive frequent ophthalmic examination to detect cataract.
Highlights
To identify risk factors for the development of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening test
Descriptive characteristics and between-group differences were analyzed in Table 1. 32.24% of participants were current smokers; 2.44% of participants reported daily alcohol intake; 9.72% of participants performed no physical exercise, 14.66% of participants had hypertension, 6.02% of participants had diabetes, 16.92% of participants had dyslipidemia, 1.88% of participants had asthma, 4.14% of participants had tuberculosis, and 4.14% of participants showed hepatitis B virus (HBV) seropositivity
The association with presenile nuclear cataract was not significantly different with age (OR = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91–1.04, p = 0.3422) and sex (OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 0.73–2.10, p = 0.4223)
Summary
To identify risk factors for the development of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening test. The Lens Opacification Classification System III (LOCS), the most commonly used grading system for evaluating cataract, grades cataract by nuclear color and opacity, cortical opacity, and posterior subcapsular opacity [2]. Pentacam Nucleus Staging (PNS) using Pentacam Scheimpflug (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) [3] images is a quantitative method of measuring nuclear cataract that provides average and maximal lens density [4]. We suggested that Pentacam imaging system is effective in screening cataract patients and has Presenile cataract refers to onset before the age of 50 years [9]. According to a previous study, posterior subcapsular cataract related with atopy is the most common type of cataract in presenile age [9]. The risk factors of presenile nuclear cataract is well not known
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