Risk factors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A review

Abstract

Background: Pediatric cancers are one of the most common diseases growing worldwide and are categorized into acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia, and the most common form of childhood leukemia is ALL. Aim: In this review, we tried to grasp different risk elements of ALL and the complexity of ALL. Method: Concerning the data collection, different keywords were used for the data retrieval from the different online repositories were utilized which include PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, etc. Result: It was plethora of risk factors was found to increases the risk of ALL in pediatrics which includes paternal alcoholic consumption, smoking habits, and maternal & paternal age, are important contributors to the risk of ALL in the child. Different changes at chromosomal level and also at gene level were found to be an important contributor for determining the susceptibility of ALL in pediatrics. Also, different inherited syndromes were found comorbid with the risk of ALL in children, with predisposing recessive mutation inherited from parents to offspring. Discussion & Conclusion: It is concluded that ALL is a very complex disorder where genetic alteration is the prime factor for determining the risk of diseases and concerning the ALL in pediatrics, maternal and paternal life style factors are import for lowering the threshold of susceptibility of diseases. Therefore, it is important to prevent or limit the exposure to various environmental risk attributes and thus help in lowering the diseases susceptibility.