Abstract
Neonatal pneumonia is one of the most common infection in neonates which can causes death. Neonatal pneumonia occurs in babies since birth until the age of 28 days. Several risk factors are known to increase the incidence of neonatal pneumonia. However, there still unconclusive results on these factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors of neonatal pneumonia in tertiary hospital in Bali. This case control study with case group consisted of 70 neonates with neonatal pneumonia while the control group consisted of 70 healthy neonates. Data was collected from level I, II and III neonatal care unit at Sanglah general Hospital in January-June 2021. Descriptive and analytical analysis were performed. Multivariate analyses with logistic regression showed PROM >18 hours (RO 11.2; 95%CI 2.87-44.13), smelly green amniotic fluid (OR 19.9; 95%CI 3.31-120.07), low birth weight (OR 4.4; 95%CI 1.31-14.86) and APGAR score <7 (OR 36.5; 95% CI 11.47-116.37) were statistically significant for the occurrence of neonatal pneumonia. Smelly green amniotic fluid, PROM >18 hours, low birth weight, and APGAR score <7 are risk factors of neonatal pneumonia.
Highlights
Neonatal pneumonia is one of the most common infections in neonates which can causes neonatal death
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one in three newborn deaths is caused by pneumonia and more than two millions die each year worldwide [2]
This study found the proportion of neonatal pneumonia was higher in males (60%) with male-to-female ratio 1.5:1
Summary
Neonatal pneumonia is one of the most common infections in neonates which can causes neonatal death. Neonatal pneumonia occurs since birth until the age of 28 days [1]. Neonatal period is the most susceptible period to infection and contribute to major cause of morbidity and mortality. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2013, the mortality of neonatal pneumonia in Indonesia (22.000) ranked eighth after India (174.000), Nigeria (121.000), Pakistan (71.000), China (48.000), Ethiopia (35.000), China (33.000) and Angola (26.000) [1]. The WHO estimates that one in three newborn deaths is caused by pneumonia and more than two millions die each year worldwide [2]. Most of neonatal deaths due to pneumonia occur in developing countries [3]
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