Risk factors of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a cross sectional study.

Clement Nyuyki Kufe,Felix Assah,Vivian Nchanchou Mbanya,Jean Claude Mbanya,Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch,Fezeu Leopold,George Ngufor,George Mbeh

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1413-2

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, particularly in low and middle income countries, where treatment and control are often unavailable and inaccessible. Information on risk factors at local and regional levels is of utmost importance for tailored prevention programmes to curb the rise in diabetes.The current study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)/Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and its risk factors in the adult population in Biyem-Assi-Yaoundé, Cameroon.MethodsInformation on cardiovascular risk factors using the WHO STEPwise approach was obtained for 1623 men and women aged 25 years and older of the CAMBoD Project in Biyem-Assi, Yaoundé, Cameroon. T2D was defined as fasting capillary glucose (FCG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or being on diabetes medication, IFG/T2D as FCG ≥ 6.1 mmol/l and/or being on diabetes medication. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to describe prevalence of IFG/T2D, prevalence of risk factors for IFG/T2D and to investigate the association of risk factors with prevalence of IFG/T2D.ResultsPrevalence of T2D and of IFG/T2D was 3.3% and 5.7%. Prevalence of hypertension, obesity and abdominal obesity (elevated waist circumference) was 26.6%, 28.4% and 34.9%, respectively. Age and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with IFG/T2D in multivariate logistic regression.ConclusionFor successful primary prevention of T2D in the general population in Cameroon tailored efforts to address obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and associated life-style factors are warranted.

Highlights

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, in low and middle income countries, where treatment and control are often unavailable and inaccessible
Study population A population-based survey to evaluate the burden of diabetes was conducted in Biyem-Assi, Yaoundé, Cameroon, in 2007 as part of the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Project (CAMBoD), a multidisciplinary programme contributing to surveillance, prevention and control of diabetes in urban areas [11]
Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)/Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) was defined as fasting capillary glucose (FCG) ≥6.1 mmol/l and/or on diabetes medication [8], participants with FCG between 6.1 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l were considered to have IFG, and those with FCG ≥7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) and/ or on diabetes medication were considered to have diabetes

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, in low and middle income countries, where treatment and control are often unavailable and inaccessible. The current study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)/Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and its risk factors in the adult population in Biyem-Assi-Yaoundé, Cameroon. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both developed and developing countries is expected to increase dramatically from 246 million people (6.0%) aged 20 to 79 in 2007 [1] to 382 million in 2013 and to a projected 592 million people by 2035 [2]. About 175 million people with diabetes are undiagnosed. Kufe et al BMC Public Health increased risk of diabetes or IFG [4]. IFG identifies risk state for future diabetes, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Age-adjusted prevalence of IFG in World Health Organisation’s African region was 9.7% in 2011 as compared to global estimates of 6.5%. Age-adjusted prevalence of IFG in World Health Organisation’s African region was 9.7% in 2011 as compared to global estimates of 6.5%. [5]

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Results

Conclusion