Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Abstract

Objective To approach the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)with very low birth weight infants whose gestational age less than 32 weeks, thus it could provide a basis direction for prevention. Methods To summarize 70 neonates with BPD in October 2012 to October 2014 in our hospital, and randomly select 70 very low birth weight infants didn't have oxygen requirement of gestation age less than 32 weeks as control group.The perinatal risk factors, oxygen therapy and use caffeine were analyzed by using the statistical analysis of Chi-square test and logistic regression, so the risk factors and prevention direction of BPD could be provided. Results Male gender were more prone to BPD(P=0.000). Gestational age(P=0.000) and birth weight(P=0.002) were statistical lower in infants with BPD compared with no BPD.Family history of asthma, fetal distress, amniotic fluid turbidity, pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, use of pulmonary surfactant, patent ductus arteriosus, intrauterine infection, ventilator time, nasal continuous positive airway pressure/nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation time, duration of oxygen therapy and use of caffeine were statistical significances(P<0.05, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gender(OR=3.574, P=0.003), gestational age≤28 weeks(OR=58.665, P=0.002), birth weight<1 250 g(OR=36.453, P=0.012)and ventilator time(OR=703.696, P=0.000)were independent risk factors for BPD infants.Using of caffeine(OR=0.025, P=0.010) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure/nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation(OR=0.004, P=0.002) were protective factors for BPD infants. Conclusion The incidence of BPD could be reduced by strengthening prenatal care, minimizing intrauterine infection and preterm delivery, reducing the patent ductus arteriosus by strict fluid management, using mechanical ventilation rationally, choosing a non-invasive mechanical ventilation and caffeine. Key words: Very low birth weight infant; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Risk factors