Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with different severities

Abstract

Objective To improve the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in preterm infants, and the clinical risk factors of premature neonates with different severities of BPD were investigated. Methods A total of 139 cases among preterm infants who were admitted to NICU in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Jan.2007 to Dec.2011 were analyzed retrospectively.The history of birth and mother pregnancy, clinical treatment, prognosis and complication of mild, moderate and severe BPD according to clinical diagnostic criteria were analyzed, respectively. Results Of the total 139 premature neonates, 61 cases were diagnosed as mild BPD, 48 cases as moderate BPD and 30 cases as severe BPD.No significant differences were found in gender, birth times, fertilization, delivery mode, the percentage of fetal distress and neonatal resuscitation, maternal age, the percen-tage of pregnancy-induced hypertension, the percentage of antenatal corticosteroids administration and postnatal pulmonary surfactant and combined with patent ducts arteries among the different groups(all P>0.05). With the increasing severity of BPD, the birth weight and gestational age were decreasing, the percentage of the infants with Apgar 1 minute score ≤7, premature rupture of membranes≥8 hours, maternal perinatal infection, meconium-stained amniotic fluid were increasing(all P<0.05). And mechanical ventilation, the time of using oxygen, and the percentage of trachea cannula intubation ≥2 times, indwelling gastric tube and red blood cells transfusing, the positive rate of sputum cultures and the blood culture were also increased with the increasing severity of BPD(all P<0.05). Conclusions Preventing of preterm delivery, control and reduce antenatal and postnatal infection, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and usage of oxygen are key factors to reduce BPD and severities in neonatal infants. Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Clinical risk factor; Preterm infant