Risk factors of allergic dermatitis induced by efavirenz in HIV-infected patients

Abstract

Objective To explore the probable risk factors of allergic dermatitis induced by efavirenz in the patients with HIV infection. Methods A total of 451 HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were enrolled in the study from January 1, 2015 to October 31, 2017. General information was recorded including gender, age, height, weight, HIV RNA, CD4 and CD8 levels, co-infection with HBV or not, drug usage situation and drug allergy history. The risk factors of allergic dermatitis which might affect ART of HIV were analyzed, and significant factors were evaluated by Logistic regression analysis method. Results Allergic dermatitis occurred in 40 (8.9%) patients, and usually happened (11.73±5.92) days after receiving ART. By means of antiallergic treatment, 18 (45.0%) patients' dermatitis didn't improve. Compared with the patients without allergic dermatitis, the age of patients with allergic dermatitis was younger [36.00 (28.25, 49.50) years old vs 47.00 (33.00, 54.00) years old] and the ratio of history of drug allergy was higher (11/40 vs 21/411) , of which the differences had statistical significance (Z=2.489, χ2=27.723, P<0.05) . Multivariate analysis showed that the history of drug allergy and age had relationship with allergic dermatitis induced by efavirenz in HIV-infected patients[OR=6.931 (95%CI: 3.002-16.003) and OR=0.970 (95%CI: 0.946-0.994) , P both<0.05]. Conclusions The history of drug allergy and age are independent risk factors for allergic dermatitis in HIV-infected patients receiving efavirenz. Key words: HIV; Allergic dermatitis; Risk factors; Efavirenz