Risk factors of acarines sensitization for respiratory allergic diseases of children in Guangzhou urban districts

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the common allergies and the acarines sensitization as risk factors for respiratory allergic diseases of children in Guangzhou urban districts and to provide the evidence for preventing allergic diseases. Methods All cases were collected from pediatric out-patient department of the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou medical college from february lst,2006 to march 30th,2007. One hundred and eighty three children were above 5 years old, were diagnosed asthma and (or) allergic rhinitis,and lived in Guangzhou urban districts. In 183 cases, 132/183 were males and 51/183 were females. The average age was (8. 2 ± 0.2) years old in males and ( 7.8 ± 0.44) years old in females.Among 183 patients,58 cases were asthma,20 cases were rhinitis and 105 cases were asthma and rhinitis.All the patients of their parents or guardians completed a standardized questionnaire on the presence of respiratory and allergic symptoms. They also underwent skin prick tests with 13 common aeroallergens,total IgE,specific IgE and eosinophil count in serum. Results Among the 183 patients, 157 (85.8%) had at least one positive skin reaction. The rates of positive skin reaction with 13 common aeroallergens were from 5.5% to 75.4%. The positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p) was the highest (79.8% ,146/183), then followed up by Dermatophagoides farinae(Der f) (72.7%, 133/183), Blomia tropicalis (65.0%, 119/183), dog(48.6 % ,89/183), American cockroach (47.0% ,86/183), cat (34.4%,63/183), Blatella germanica ( 29.5%, 54/183 ), mixed moulds ( 19.7%, 36/183 ), mixed grass pollens ( 15.9%, 29/183 ), Artemisia vulgaris ( 7.7%, 14/183 ), Ambrosia artemisifolia ( 5.5%, 10/183 ). The patients (146/183 cases) who were positive reactivity in mites were concomitant reactivity to multiple allergens(115/146 cases, 78.8%). Only 11 cases with negative reactivity in acaridan were combine with multiple allergens(11/37 cases, 29.7%). There was more statistically significant between in positive/negative skin reaction with acaridan( x 2= 33. 099, P <0. 001). Patients whose underwent skin reaction + with Der p or Der f or Blomia tropicalis was defined positive. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ages,iteretur rhinitis,ocular symptoms and respiratory symptoms were risk factors for respiratory allergic diseases of children in Guangzhou urban districts. Family allergic histories,inhabited environment and food habits et al, were not risk factors. Conclusions The allergy is the important factor in respiratory allergy disease. House dust mites were the most prevalent allergens in children with asthma and (or) rhinitis in Guangzhou urban. Those patients with asthma and (or) allergic rhinitis usually have the positive skin prick tests. With the growing up, the children with respiratory allergic disease are more sensitive to acarines sensitization. To estimate allergen patterns of sensitizations in patients from different geographic areas, age groups as well as asthma and (or) rhinitis contribute to earlier diagnosis and earlier prevention. Key words: Aeroallergens; Skin prick test ; Respiratory allergic disease; Acarines sensitization