Risk factors, morbidity rates and long-term prognosis in benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer (literature review)

Abstract

Diseases of the urological profile are one of the most important medical and social issues of the modern world. According to various sources, from 50 % to 75 % of men over 50 years old have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and by the age of 80, BPH is detected in 90 % of the male population. BPH manifests itself with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in most patients. Prostate cancer ranks 2nd or 3rd in the structure of malignant neoplasms in men, and the prevalence of this pathology continues to grow. This trend is associated with an increase in average life expectancy, improved diagnosis of pathologies and early detection of the disease. Risk factors affecting the development of both prostate cancer and BPH include the patient’s age, race, family history, eating habits, the presence or absence of bad habits, and a sedentary lifestyle. Surgical methods for treating prostate cancer include open retropubic prostatectomy and laparoscopic adenomectomy. The «gold standard» of surgical treatment of BPH is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), but the emergence of new endovideosurgical methods (bipolar TURP, transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) allows to expand the scope of their use and reduce possible complications in the early and late postoperative period.