Risk factors in the backbone public health protection complex

Abstract

The current stage of Russian society development in the conditions of recent socio-economic formation is characterized by a surge of interest and the number of scientific studies devoted to the assessment of environmental factors and the construction of eco-dependent pathology. A region of the Russian Federation with a developed industry was taken as the study area. In particular, indicators of environmental pollution factors, as well as indicators of population morbidity, were studied. The studies were carried out over time for 2013-2018. To assess the risk, the multimedia exposure risk calculating method was used. The hazard index was also evaluated; it characterizes the disturbances of a particular body system. Analysis of the data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the water basin of the given territory allowed us to conclude that the level of indicators of iron, fluoride, and nitrite compounds, dry residue and water pH practically did not change over time. The concentration of nitrates, total hardness, ammonium salts, BOD5, sulphate’s, and chlorides increased significantly, while dissolved oxygen decreased. Data on the prevalence and primary morbidity among the population indicate that the prevalence and primary incidence rates in the study area are characterized by uneven indicators, which made it possible to rank and establish statistically significant differences in the studied indicators. Data analysis using the methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics made it possible to confirm that the levels of chlorine derivatives, dissolved oxygen, and total hardness significantly affect the formation of the incidence rate of the population in the studied region. The calculated values of carcinogenic risks with the cutaneous intake of cadmium are 2.0 ×10-8. The values of carcinogenic risks for oral intake of cadmium are 0.3 ×10-6. It was found that the Deminimis level in the total carcinogenic risk level is 0.6% for the study area.