Risk Factors for Ulceration in Diabetes Mellitus in the Preventive Foot Clinic at the Medical Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Specialties, During the Period January-April 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a conglomerate of metabolic alterations that chronically affect health. Neuropathy, previous ulcers, foot deformities, peripheral arterial disease, and chronic kidney disease are risk factors that predispose to the development of foot ulcers. It was carried out in order to determine risk factors for ulceration in people living with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational study of 233 people who attended the Preventive Foot consultation at the Diabetes, Obesity and Specialties Medical Center, during the period January-April 2022. Information collected through a questionnaire that reported age, sex, marital status, time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, history of ulcer, amputation, bone deformity, chronic renal failure, neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease. Results: 60% female, 40% male, 60% ≥ 62 years. 39.6% with diagnosis time ≥16 years, 65.2%-foot deformity, 12.8% previous ulcer, 5.1% previous amputation, 10.3% chronic renal failure, 36% peripheral neuropathy and 31.3% peripheral arterial disease. 47.6% presented a very low risk, 27.5% moderate, 15% high risk and 9% low. Association time of diagnosis and neuropathy chi2= 8.993, p= <0.029. Ulcer and amputation correlation rho=0.606, p=< .001. Discussion: As risk factors predominated foot deformity, followed by diabetic neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease. With significant association between the time of diagnosis and neuropathy. With moderate direct proportional correlation between ulcer and previous amputation