Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stroke is a strong risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidents. The risk of post-stroke CVD incidents can be reduced by eliminating the most relevant risk factors. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of recurrent CVD events and to determine the quantitative and qualitative differences in CVD risk factors over the 5-year follow-up period in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (ICH) with the use of ICF classification categories to present these differences. Materials and Methods: The study was retrospective. The study groups included 55 post-IS patients and 47 post-ICH patients. The results were translated into the categories from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification. Results: As compared to post-ICH patients, post-IS patients were significantly more frequently observed to have recurrent CVD incidents (p < 0.001), including fatal CVD incidents (p = 0.003). More risk factors in total were identified in both post-IS patients (p = 0.031) and post-ICH patients (p = 0.002) who had a recurrent CVD incident. Post-IS patients were more often found to have arterial blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg (p = 0.045). On the other hand, post-ICH patients were more frequently observed to have carotid artery stenosis in the range of 50–69% (p = 0.028) and an eGFR of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The type of primary stroke determines the type and incidence of risk factors as well as the recurrence rate of CVD incidents over a 5-year follow-up period. Patients after IS have a higher risk of recurrence of CVD events, including fatal ones in the 5-year follow-up compared to patients after ICH. In addition, post-IS patients who have a recurrent CVD event over a 5-year follow-up have more risk factors for a CVD event than ICH. The ICF classification can be useful for assessing and analysing risk factors for recurrent CVD incidents, which can help to improve the effectiveness of secondary prevention.
Highlights
Stroke is a serious social problem because it is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of long-term disability [1]
The second stage was to analysed the frequency of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events within five years of the first stroke episode based on contact with the patient or a close family member authorized to provide information about the patient’s health status
The study groups were significantly different in terms of the age of patients at the time of stroke (p < 0.002)
Summary
Stroke is a serious social problem because it is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of long-term disability [1]. The risk of death in patients with recurrent stroke is approximately 50% [2]. Post-stroke patients are at high risk of recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [4]. The cumulative risk of a recurrent CVD event ranges from 10% to 12% in the first year and from 30% to 40% over a five-year period. Stroke is a strong risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidents. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of recurrent CVD events and to determine the quantitative and qualitative differences in CVD risk factors over the 5-year follow-up period in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (ICH) with the use of ICF classification categories to present these differences. Results: As compared to post-ICH patients, post-IS patients were significantly more frequently observed to have recurrent CVD incidents (p < 0.001), including fatal
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