Risk factors for premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in adults: a systematic review protocol.

Adeel Khoja,Anna Ali,Emily Aldridge,Maleesa M Pathirana,Margaret A Arstall,Rosanna Tavella,Mingyue Zheng,Zohra S Lassi,Prabha H Andraweera,Debajyoti D Chaudhuri,Melanie R Wittwer

doi:10.12688/f1000research.74926.1

Abstract

PCAD possesses a public health challenge resulting in years of productive life lost and an escalating burden on health systems. Objective of this review is to compare modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for PCAD compared to those without PCAD. This review will include all comparative observational studies conducted in adults aged >18 years with confirmed diagnosis of PCAD (on angiography) compared to those without PCAD. Databases to be searched include; PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and grey literature (Google Scholar). All identified studies will be screened for title and abstract and full-text against the inclusion criteria on Covidence software. Data relevant to exposures and outcomes will be extracted from all included studies. All studies selected for data extraction will be critically appraised for methodological quality. Meta-analysis using random-effects model will be performed using Review Manager 5.3. Effect sizes for categorical risk factors will be expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. For risk factors measured in continuous form, mean difference (if units are consistent) otherwise standardized mean difference (if units are different across studies) will be reported. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed using I 2 test statistics. GRADE will be used to assess the certainty of the findings. Systematic review registration number:PROSPERO Registration # CRD42020173216.

Highlights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and remains the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for over 350,000 deaths each year.[1]
The prevalence of CAD based on the global burden of disease (GBD) data is 154 million which translates into approximately one-third of the global burden of cardiovascular disease and 2% of the overall GBD.[2]
Review questions The objective of this review is to compare the prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) compared to those without PCAD among the following groups: 1. Patients experiencing PCAD as compared to those experiencing late-onset CAD

Summary

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and remains the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for over 350,000 deaths each year.[1] The prevalence of CAD based on the global burden of disease (GBD) data is 154 million which translates into approximately one-third of the global burden of cardiovascular disease and 2% of the overall GBD.[2] in 2019, every fifth adult aged

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