Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade‐related pneumonitis is a rare but potentially life‐threatening adverse effect, but its risk factors are not completely understood. This case‐control study was conducted to identify pneumonitis risk factors in patients treated with anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including all the patients who developed pneumonitis after anti‐PD‐1 mAbs treatment in the Cancer Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from September 2015 to September 2017. Two controls per case were matched according to a propensity‐score matching algorithm to account for confounding effects caused by individual baseline variables. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from medical records. In total, 55 cases and 110 controls were included in the study. No association was observed between smoking status or primary lung cancer and risk of pneumonitis. Significant risk factors for pneumonitis related to anti‐PD‐1 mAbs were prior thoracic radiotherapy, prior lung disease and combination therapy with odds ratios of 3.34 (1.51‐7.39), 2.86 (1.45‐5.64) and 2.73 (1.40‐5.31), respectively. The associations remained significant in the multivariable logistic regression model. The risk of pneumonitis induced by anti‐PD‐1 mAbs is associated with prior thoracic radiotherapy, prior lung disease, and combination therapy. Clinicians should monitor these features in patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 therapy to optimize clinical safety and efficacy.
Highlights
Substantial progress has been achieved in cancer treatments by directing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or its associated ligand (PD-L1) to enhance immunologic responses and anti-tumor activity, which has significantly improved cancer patient prognosis.[1]
Using a larger sample size in the present case-control study, we aimed to identify the association between factors weakening pulmonary function and the risk of pneumonitis induced by anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)
In this case-control study, risk factors, including prior thoracic radiotherapy, prior lung disease, and combination therapy, for pneumonitis induced by anti-PD-1 therapy were identified
Summary
Substantial progress has been achieved in cancer treatments by directing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or its associated ligand (PD-L1) to enhance immunologic responses and anti-tumor activity, which has significantly improved cancer patient prognosis.[1] Despite the impressive clinical benefits, the adverse events concomitant with immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) cannot be ignored. | 4116 immune homeostasis and results in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including dermatologic, hepatic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary complications as well as other less common side effects.[2,3] Among these irAEs, pneumonitis, which is defined as focal or diffuse inflammation of the lung parenchyma,[4] is rare but potentially life threatening. Using a larger sample size in the present case-control study, we aimed to identify the association between factors weakening pulmonary function and the risk of pneumonitis induced by anti-PD-1 mAbs
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