Risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer in obesity and diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Obesity and resulting diabetes mellitus are being two of the most prevalent pathological conditions worldwide accounting almost 2 billion adults and 340 million children affected. In the same time, global cancer statistics rises each year showing the growth in the umber of cases of papillary thyroid cancer. Relationship between thesediseases has created strong interest among scientists and discovered ew directions in prevention and therapy. Moreover, obesity usually leads to the disturbance in gut microbiota. Accordingly, the aim of our research was to summarize the evidence of the impact of these risk factors on the possible development of papillary thyroid cancer. Current article reflects ewest achievements in the understanding of pathological mechanisms underlying the epidemiological trends connecting adiposity, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, antidiabetic therapy and microbiota changes. Wide range of evidences testify in favor that obesity is one of the factors for the possible development of oncological processes in the body due to hormonal imbalance and the development of chronic inflammation, which stimulate mitogenic cell division. Complete chronicinflammation, often found in obese people, predisposesto a particular type of cancer, creating a tissueenvironment that creates oxidative stress, stimulatesDNA damage, increases cell proliferation, and inhibitsapoptosis.Talking about diabetes mellitus, recent studies suggested that when culturing follicular cells, their quantity increases significantly in the presence of insulin and TSH as compared to thepresence of only TSH. This phenomenon occurs due insulinstructural similarity to insulin-like growth factor 1. Same mechanism is also related to increase in thyroid cancer risk in diabetic patients prescribed with sulfonylurea and injectable insulins. Other points are still partly unclear and eed further investigations and therapeutic implications.