Risk factors for oral human papillomavirus in heterosexual couples in an African setting

Abstract

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and factors associated with oral HPV infection were investigated. Cervical, penile and oral HPV types were determined in 221 heterosexual couples by Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay. Oral HPV prevalence was found to be 6.8% in women and 13.5% in men (P=0.23). The risk of oral infection with a specific HPV type in women was increased when the same type was detected in their genital tract (odd ratio (OR): 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-8.25, P=0.002), the genital tract of their male partner (OR: 6.08, 95% CI: 2.90-12.73, P<0.001) or the mouth of their male partner (OR: 8.30, 95% CI: 1.58-43.50, P=0.012). In men, the risk of oral infection with a specific HPV type was increased when the same type was detected in the genital tract of their female partner (OR: 7.28, 95% CI: 1.45-36.58, P=0.016) or the mouth of their female partner (OR: 5.43, 95% CI: 0.79-37.06, P=0.084) but not when the same type was present in their own genital tract. These findings suggest that in African settings oral HPV infection is acquired from sexual partners, and that in women may also be the result of self-inoculation.