Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Abstract

To identify risk factors associated with open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young Korean population. Retrospective, population-based, case-control study. Between 2009 and 2010, among participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 17 901), subjects between 19 and 39 years of age were included. Participants had structured interviews systemic and ophthalmic examination. Glaucoma was diagnosed using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. The risk factors for open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure were analyzed using univariate and multivariate comparisons. Eighty open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure patients and 4015 controls were included. In the univariate analysis, the patient group was more likely to have higher fasting plasma glucose (98.04 ± 33.16 vs. 89.74 ± 12.65, P < 0.001) and higher proportion of fasting capillary glucose ≥200 mg/dL (P < 0.001) than the control. Multivariate analysis found that high myopia (odds ratio, 3.54 [95% confidence interval, 1.34-9.39], P = 0.011), fasting capillary glucose ≥200 mg/dL (odds ratio, 12.65 [95% confidence interval, 2.63-60.94], P = 0.002) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-0.99], P = 0.015) were associated with an increased risk of having open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure. High myopia, fasting capillary glucose level ≥200 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significant risk factors for open-angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young Korean population.