Abstract
The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents only part of a large group of pathologies of variable entity called respiratory sleep disorders (RSD) which include simple snoring and increased upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). Although the etiopathogenesis of adult OSAS is well known, many aspects of this syndrome in children are still debated. Its prevalence is about 2% in children from 2 to 8 years of age, mostly related to the size of the upper airways adenoid tissue. Several risk factors linked to the development of OSAS are typical of the pediatric age. The object of this paper is to analyze the state of the art on this specific topic, discussing its implications in terms of diagnosis and management.
Highlights
IntroductionRespiratory sleep disorders (RSD) in children are characterized by a variable obstruction of the upper airway and different degrees of alteration in gas exchange during the night [1,2]
Respiratory sleep disorders (RSD) in children are characterized by a variable obstruction of the upper airway and different degrees of alteration in gas exchange during the night [1,2].The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) defines obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as a polysomnography (PSG)-determined obstructive respiratory disturbance index (RDI) ≥ 5 events/h associated with the typical symptoms of OSAS, or an obstructive RDI ≥ 15 events/h [3]
G.I.: Substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work; acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; revising the work; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work
Summary
Respiratory sleep disorders (RSD) in children are characterized by a variable obstruction of the upper airway and different degrees of alteration in gas exchange during the night [1,2]. Respiratory sleep disorders (RSD) in children are characterized by a variable obstruction of the upper airway and different degrees of alteration in gas exchange during the night. The very exhaustive papers published by Marcus C.L. et al [9] and Li Z. et al [16] are typical examples of this observation They made a general, wonderful presentation of the pathology, but dedicated just a few paragraphs in evaluating the various risk factors. The aim of this paper is devoted to analyzing the state of the art on this specific and its impact on diagnosis and treatment
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