Risk factors for needing postpartum antihypertensive medications with hypertensive disorders: Timing of diagnosis, presence of proteinuria, and severity of disease.

Abstract

Evaluate the association between the need for post-partum antihypertensive medications in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and the following: timing of disease onset (antepartum vs. intrapartum), presence of proteinuria, and severity of disease. This was a retrospective cohort study. We reviewed the charts of 204 patients diagnosed with HDP: 106 were diagnosed antepartum and 98 diagnosed intrapartum. Patients withchronichypertensionwereexcluded. The need for outpatient antihypertensive medications at time of hospital discharge was the primary outcome. We performed logistic regression of covariates and a stratified analysis for each specific HDP (gestational hypertension (GHTN), preeclampsia and preeclampsia with severe features). While the diagnosis of HDP in the antepartum period was a statistically significant risk factor for needing postpartum anti-hypertensive medications at discharge in bivariate analysis RR 2.07 (1.27-3.37), p=0.001, it did not remain significant after correction for the covariates RR 1.41 (0.45-4.49), P=0.55. However, the presence of proteinuria was an independent risk factor after logistic regression. Compared to GHTN, there was a significant difference in the need for postpartum anti-hypertensive medications in patients with preeclampsia OR 10.70 (1.54-74.42), p=0.017 and in preeclampsia with severe features OR 112.14 (20.05-627.22), p<0.001. Timing of onset of HDP (antepartum vs. intrapartum) was not an independent risk factor for needing antihypertensive medications postpartum. However, proteinuria and the presence of severe features were. Patients with proteinuria and those with severe disease may warrant closer surveillance in the post-partum period than those without proteinuria.