Risk Factors for Laryngeal Cancer in Montenegro

Elvir Zvrko,Zorana Gledović,Agima Ljaljević

doi:10.2478/10004-1254-59-2008-1863

Elvir Zvrko, Zorana Gledović + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-59-2008-1863

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Abstract

Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. There might be many risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Smoking, especially cigarette smoking and alcohol are indisputable risk factors. The authors of this paper assessed the presumed risk factors in order to identify possible aetiological agents of the disease.A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. The study group consisted of 108 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 108 hospital controls matched by sex, age (+/-3 years) and place of residence. Laryngeal cancer patients and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay using a structured questionnaire. According to multiple logistic regression analysis six variables were independently related to laryngeal cancer: hard liquor consumption (Odd Ratio/OR/=2.93, Confidence Interval/CI/95% = 1.17 to 7.31), consumption more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day (OR=4.96, CI 95% = 2.04 to 12.04), cigarette smoking for more than 40 years (OR=4.32, CI 95% = 1.69 to 11.06), smoking more than 30 cigarettes per day (OR=4.24, CI 95% = 1.75 to 10.27), coffee consumption more than 5 cups per day (OR=4.52, CI 95% = 1.01 to 20.12) and carbonated beverage consumption (OR=0.38, CI 95%=0.16 to 0.92). The great majority of laryngeal cancers could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.

Highlights

Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro1, Institute for Epidemiology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia2, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro3
According to multiple logistic regression analysis six variables were independently related to laryngeal cancer: hard liquor consumption (Odd Ratio /Odds ratio (OR)/=2.93, Confidence Interval /confidence interval (CI)/ 95 % = 1.17 to 7.31), consumption more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day (OR=4.96, CI 95 % = 2.04 to12.04), cigarette smoking for more than 40 years (OR=4.32, CI 95 % = 1.69 to 11.06), smoking more than 30 cigarettes per day (OR=4.24, CI 95 % = 1.75 to 10.27), coffee consumption more than 5 cups per day (OR=4.52, CI 95 % = 1.01 to 20.12) and carbonated beverage consumption (OR=0.38, CI 95 %= 0.16 to 0.92)
We found a statistically significant difference for cigarette smoking for over 20 years, 30

Summary

Introduction

Other factors associated with increased risk of laryngeal cancer include prolonged exposure to fossil fuels [7], human papillomavirus infections [8, 9], chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux [10], passive smoking [11], and occupational exposure to substances such as asbestos, wood, cement, solvents, nickel [12,13,14,15]. Those working in the railway and lumber industry, sheet-metal workers, grindingwheel operators, and car mechanics are said to have a higher incidence of laryngeal cancer [16]. The authors of this paper assessed the presumed risk factors in order to identify possible aetiological agents of the disease

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