Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of kidney cancer is high in Western and Northern Europe and North America, and low in Asia. Although the incidence of kidney cancer in Japan is lower than the rates in the other industrialized countries, there is no doubt that it is increasing.METHODS: We evaluated the risk factors for kidney cancer death using the database of the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study (i.e., medical history, anthropometry, and lifestyle including dietary habits). The analytic cohort included 47,997 males and 66,520 females aged 40 years and older. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine adjusted relative risks.RESULTS: A total of 36 males and 12 females died from kidney cancer during the follow-up of 9.6 ± 2.6 years and 9.9 ± 2.2 years, respectively. A medical history of hypertension, a fondness for fatty food, and consumption of black tea were associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer death while an intake of taro, sweet potato and potato was associated with a decreased risk.CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed four factors to be related to kidney cancer death. However, further studies may be needed to evaluate risk factors for kidney cancer death in Japan because the number of kidney cancer death in the present study was small.
Highlights
The incidence of kidney cancer is high in Western and Northern Europe and NorthAmerica, and low in Asia
A medical history of hypertension, a fondness for fatty food, and consumption of black tea were associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer death while an intake of taro, sweet potato and potato was associated with a decreased risk
The incidence of kidney cancer is high in Western, and Northern Europe and North America whereas it is low in Asia.[1,2,3]
Summary
We evaluated the risk factors for kidney cancer death using the database of the JapanCollaborative Cohort (JACC) Study (i.e., medical history, anthropometry, and lifestyle including dietary habits). The analytic cohort included 47,997 males and 66,520 females aged 40 years and older. The JACC Study, which is sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, is a nationwide collaborative prospective cohort study to evaluate the various risks and/or protective factors influencing cancer mortality and incidence.[20] Study methods and ethical issues have been described elsewhere.[20] Briefly, the cohort was established from 1988 to 1990, with 47,997 males and 66,520 females aged 40 years and older from 45 study areas across Japan. In this study, subjects aged 80 years and over were not excluded because the number of kidney cancer deaths was small (i.e., 48 cases). This investigation was approved by the Ethical Boards of Nagoya University
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