Risk Factors for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

BackgroundIn-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is one of the most deleterious complications of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). ObjectivesWe systematically analyzed the clinical characteristics of STEMI patients with IHCA, as well as predictors and treatments associated with risk of IHCA, using a nationwide database. MethodsIn the CCC-ACS (Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome) project (2014-2019), we stratified patients presenting with STEMI within 24 hours after symptom onset according to IHCA or no IHCA during the index hospitalization. We analyzed patients’ clinical characteristics, mortality, and independent correlates of IHCA. ResultsOf 40,670 STEMI patients, 2.2% (95% CI: 2.1%-2.4%) experienced IHCA. Among IHCA patients, the in-hospital mortality was 53.0% (95% CI: 49.7%-56.3%). IHCA represents 55.0% (95% CI: 51.6%-58.4%) of inpatient deaths. Age ≥75 years, female, nonsmoker, prior diabetes mellitus, prior renal failure, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, heart rate >100 beats/min, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, and Killip IV were identified as predictors of IHCA. IHCA patients were less likely to receive β-blockers and ticagrelor during the first 24 hours after first medical contact and were less likely to undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention. After adjustment, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95), β-blockers (adjusted HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47-0.86), and ticagrelor (adjusted HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.42-0.76) were associated with a reduced risk of IHCA. ConclusionsIHCA is rare in STEMI but is associated with high mortality. Multiple modifiable and unmodifiable factors are associated with its occurrence, suggesting that early intervention and rational drug treatment may improve its prognosis. (CCC Project- Acute Coronary Syndrome; NCT02306616)