Risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: To determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women, which is a significant cause of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research. Pregnant women aged 15-54 years in the second and third trimesters were eligible. The history of hypertension in pregnant women was the dependent variable. The independent variables consisted of the demographic characteristics of pregnant women including pregnancy age, gestational age, education, occupation, place of residence, and region of residence. This study used multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia. Results: Among 6479 respondents included in this study, 11 (7.0%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension compared to pregnant women who did not have a history of DM (0.1%). The dominant risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia include maternal age above 35 years (OR 3.67, 95% CI 2.54-5.32), third-trimester pregnancy (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.72-3.35), primigravida (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.19-2.68), excessive consumption of salty foods (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03-2.03), and diabetes mellitus (OR 10.20, 95% CI 3.04-32.23). Conclusions: Great efforts must be made to increase public awareness about the dangers of hypertension in pregnant women through early diagnosis and treatment, education on sodium intake, and appropriate care for pregnant women with DM.