Abstract
To investigate the association of sociodemographic, obstetrical and psychosocial factors with fine and gross motor developmental delay in preterm and term infants, in the age group of three months and one day to twelve months and twenty-nine days. The term and preterm infants were evaluated by the Denver II Test for fine and gross motor skills, investigated in three phases: 165 infants in phase 1 (3 months and 1 day to 4 months and 29 days), 130 infants in stage 2 (8 months and 1 day to 9 months and 29 days) and 102 infants in phase 3 (11 months and 1 day to 12 months and 29 days). Sociodemographic, obstetrical and psychosocial data were obtained through an initial interview with family members and the psychic risk assessment through the Child Development Risk Indicators and PREAUT protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using the logistic regression model. Significant factors in the association with fine and gross motor delay were: maternal gestational and obstetric history (planned pregnancy, type of delivery, number of prenatal consultations, use of medication and gestational intercurrence), features and biological risks of the baby (gender, mechanical ventilation, feeding difficulty), sociodemographic factors (career and level of maternal schooling, number of children and people in the house) and psychosocial issues concerning to the family routine participation and presence of psychic risk. There was a significant association between motor development delay of the infants, environmental and biological variables, with emphasis on psychic risk.
Highlights
METHODSBiological and environmental factors, including social, economic and family interactions, play a role in childhood development[1,2]
The results demonstrated, in stage 1, that female infants were three times more susceptible to present fine motor skills delay when compared to male infants; the infants at psychic risk on the PREAUT Signs were twice more likely to present delays in the fine motor compared to the risk-free infants; and infants with up to four people residing in the household have shown twice as much the chance of having a delay in fine motor skills compared to infants living in homes with more than four people
The infants born by cesarean delivery were three times more likely to have fine motor development delay compared to the normal delivery infants
Summary
METHODSBiological and environmental factors, including social, economic and family interactions, play a role in childhood development[1,2]. Current studies highlight the relationship between psychic constitution and motor aspects. They analyzed the motor characteristics using family videos recorded during the first two years of infants life who received the diagnosis of autism spectrum after three years old[3,4]. This importance of the body of the infant is emphasized by Bullinger[5] when he states that from the integration of sensory flows, discrimination and sensorial modulation, the infants construct their mental representations. According to Vanier[12] in addition to the motor delay, babies weighing between 500 grams and 2 kilograms are five times more susceptible to develop an autism spectrum than control group
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