Risk Factors for Facial Appearance Dissatisfaction Among Orthognathic Patients: Comparing Patients to a Non-Surgical Sample.

Pan Shi,Hui Kou,Yufei Huang,Hong Chen,Tao Wang

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02775

Abstract

This study conducted a cross-sectional investigation of facial appearance dissatisfaction between patients before undergoing orthognathic surgery and a non-surgical sample to evaluate the potential influencing factors of facial appearance dissatisfaction. A sample of 354 participants completed a set of questionnaires concerning facial appearance dissatisfaction, interpersonal pressure, media pressure, and fear of negative appearance evaluation (112 patients, 242 controls). The patients reported higher facial appearance dissatisfaction, more media pressure, more interpersonal pressure, and a greater fear of negative appearance evaluation among others than the control group. Moreover, regression analyses identified interpersonal pressure and fear of negative appearance evaluation as the main predictors of facial appearance dissatisfaction whether in the orthognathic patients or the control groups. The associations between the perceptions of interpersonal pressure, fear of negative appearance evaluation, and facial appearance dissatisfaction support the possible utility of strengthening social experiences and psychological intervention in preventing and treating these appearance-concerns, especially for the orthognathic patients.

Highlights

Individuals’ satisfaction with their appearance is of central importance to their psychological well-being and health
An examination of the univariate values of F indicated that compared to the control group, the patients reported higher facial appearance dissatisfaction, more media pressure, more interpersonal pressure, and a greater fear of negative appearance evaluation among others (Table 1)
In light of our original research question, these results suggest that while for both groups the results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses are the same, the associations between interpersonal pressure and fear of negative appearance evaluation and facial appearance dissatisfaction are stronger in orthognathic patients than in the control group

Summary

Introduction

Individuals’ satisfaction with their appearance is of central importance to their psychological well-being and health. Previous research has demonstrated negative associations between appearance satisfaction and depression, social avoidance, and low quality of life, both within the general population (Wilson et al, 2013; Griffiths et al, 2017) and among clinical samples with dentofacial deformities who are thought to be vulnerable to dissatisfaction with their facial appearance (Frejman et al, 2013; Feragen and Stock, 2016, 2017). Epidemiological surveys show that about 40% of the population has malocclusion, about 5% of which is due to abnormal skeletal malformation caused by abnormal jaw development, i.e., dentofacial deformity (Qiu, 2008). Dentofacial deformities are changes or irregularities that primarily affect the jaws and teeth. Multiple craniofacial structures may be affected (Ong, 2004).

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Discussion

Conclusion