Risk Factors for Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Health District of Thies, Senegal

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a national health priority in African countries particularly pulmonary form. But Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is increasing with less consideration for the governments. However, it has a negative impact in the social, economic and sanitary context. Few studies on the disease have been conducted in the African continent. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of Extrapulmonary TB in the Health District of Thies, a Senegalese province. Through a retrospective study, we collected data of all cases of TB admitted at the TB Division of the Health District of Thies, Senegal from January 2012 to December 2014. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, past medical history, lifestyles, the type of TB (pulmonary or extrapulmonary), the treatment regimen and the prognosis was evaluated. Uni, bi and multivariate analysis were done and results expressed with a 95% confidence interval. On average, 824 patients with TB were included. They were mostly male (68.4%), jobless (62.9%), not married (58.9%) with a mean age of 33.3 years (±14.3). They had in their past medical history a notion of TB contamination (30.1%), BCG vaccination (96.5%), hypertension (4.6%), diabetes (2.7%), HIV infection (1.7%), smoking (11.5%) and alcohol consumption (2.8%). Hundred and Five patients (12.7% with CI 95%: 10.7% - 14.7%) had EPTB of pleural (56.2%), lymphatic (12.4%), bone (9.5%) and gastrointestinal (9.5%) localization mainly. Age, notion of contact with patient, employment and HIV infection were associated independently to EPTB. It is important de take into consideration these results to strengthen primary prevention strategies.