Risk Factors for Excessive Social Media Use Differ from Those of Gambling and Gaming in Finnish Youth.

Maria Kääriäinen,Krista Hylkilä,Niko Männikkö,Sari Castrén,Kirsimarja Raitasalo,Terhi Mustonen

doi:10.3390/ijerph19042406

Abstract

Purpose: Adolescents’ excessive social media use has characteristics similar to other addictive behaviours. This study aims to explore whether the same risk factors are associated with excessive social media use as with excessive gaming and gambling among Finnish adolescents. Methods: Multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out using the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs data, collected from Finnish adolescents aged 15–16 in 2019 (n = 4595). Results: Excessive use of social media was more common among girls (reported by 46% of respondents) than boys of the same age (28%), whereas boys reported both excessive gaming (23%) and gambling (6%) more often than girls (4% and 1%, respectively). All differences between genders were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Daily smoking was associated with a high risk of excessive gambling (AOR = 3.23) and low risk of excessive gaming (AOR = 0.27) but had no significant effect on excessive social media use. Cannabis use in the past 12 months was positively associated only with excessive gambling (AOR = 2.39), while past 12 months alcohol consumption increased the risk for excessive social media use (AOR = 1.25). Conclusions: Adolescent girls are at greater risk of excessive social media use than boys, while boys are at greater risk of excessive gaming and gambling. The associations with known risk factors are somewhat different for excessive use of social media as compared to excessive gambling and gaming and should be acknowledged when developing preventive measures for adolescents.

Highlights

It is a well-established fact that adolescents, especially boys, often participate in a variety of risky behaviours, such as the use of alcohol, cannabis, tobacco or nicotine products, or gambling and gaming [1,2,3,4]
This study aims at exploring whether the same risk and protective factors are associated with excessive social media use and excessive gaming and gambling among Finnish adolescents
As the differences in all dependent variables according to all independent variables were of the same direction for boys and girls, we decided to adjust the models for gender and not study boys and girls separately

Summary

Introduction

It is a well-established fact that adolescents, especially boys, often participate in a variety of risky behaviours, such as the use of alcohol, cannabis, tobacco or nicotine products, or gambling and gaming [1,2,3,4]. These behaviours may demonstrate features of typical addictive behaviours like constant preoccupation, loss of control, high intensity and frequency, and continuation or escalation of the behaviour despite the occurrence of negative consequences and cause significant distress and impairment to an individual’s overall functioning [5].

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Conclusion