Risk factors for dental findings of the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Investigation of 3734 teeth in cancer patients receiving high dose antiresorptive agents

Abstract

Background/purposeLocal infection is a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), along with invasive dental treatment of the bone; the tooth that is the source of infection should be extracted prior to the administration of bone resorption inhibitors. However, which teeth should be extracted remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dental findings prior to high-dose antiresorptive agent (ARA) administration and the subsequent development of MRONJ. Materials and methodsPatients with cancer who were scheduled to receive high-dose ARAs and referred to our hospital between 2011 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Apical lesions, enlargement of the periodontal space, thickening of the lamina dura, alveolar bone resorption of >1/3, periapical osteosclerosis, and local infection symptoms in each tooth were investigated using medical records and panoramic radiographs. ResultsA total of 172 patients, 329 jaws, and 3734 teeth were registered. MRONJ developed in 68 teeth in 33 jaws of 32 patients. In tooth-by-tooth analysis, fewer teeth (P < 0.001), apical lesions (P < 0.001), periapical osteosclerosis (P < 0.001), local infection symptoms (P = 0.002), and one or more dental findings (P < 0.001) were significant factors for MRONJ development. In jaw-by-jaw analysis, old age, local infection symptoms, and number of radiographic abnormalities per tooth were significant. In patient-by-patient analysis, patients with diabetes and those with fewer teeth developed MRONJ. ConclusionPatients with fewer teeth, apical lesions, periapical osteosclerosis, and local infection were more likely to develop MRONJ. Therefore, these teeth should be treated as much as possible before ARA administration.