Risk Factors for Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer in Comprehensive Health Checkups: Usefulness of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors for colorectal adenoma/cancer by studying patients who underwent comprehensive health checkups and were referred to a hospital because of positive fecal occult blood. Methods: A total of 529 patients were referred to hospital for a positive fecal occult blood test after a comprehensive health checkup at the participating center over a period of 5 years, from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma or cancer using colonoscopy were included in the case group, while those diagnosed with no abnormality, diverticulum, or hemorrhoids were included in the control group. Results: Of the 529 referred patients, 503 underwent colonoscopy. A total of 18 colorectal cancers and 191 colorectal adenomas were detected, and there were no tumors, diverticula, or hemorrhoids in any of the 208 patients. Polyps, either hyperplastic or of unknown pathology, were found in 86 patients. A comparison of the case and control groups showed that gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was an independent and significant risk factor for colorectal adenoma or cancer, in addition to previously known risk factors such as male sex, older age, high body mass index, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: For patients with a positive fecal occult blood test, in addition to traditional risks such as obesity, older age, male sex, and alcohol consumption, identifying those with high GGT levels is recommended to help find colorectal adenoma/cancer.