Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) represents 17% of the complications of cardiac catheterization (CC), with a high death rate and longer hospitalization time. The objective of this review is to describe the most cited risk factors for acute kidney failure in the literature. It is a descriptive and exploratory Integrative Literature Review (ILR) with a qualitative approach, using articles published in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and PubMed databases between the years of 2009 and 2019 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, including original articles, reviews, and case studies. The search was made using the following descriptors: cardiac catheterism, kidney diseases, risk factors, coronary catheterization, acute kidney injury, acute renal failure, and nephropathies. The organization and analysis of the data was through the application of a questionnaire that was structured by the authors, and the results are presented in a table. For the final sample, 10 articles were sought. The highlighted factors were being elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic; having previous kidney disease, hypotension, heart failure, higher contrast volumes, and types; the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated to other risk factors; and atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation was the main finding, which has recently been documented. The identification of risk factors provides health professionals with information to plan measures to prevent ARF, minimizing complications, length of stay, and mortality.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CD) are pathologies that affect the cardiocirculatory system, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates, representing 27.7% of the causes of death in Brazil, and becoming the main cause of death in the country [1]
It was possible to describe the main risk factors cited in the literature related to the development of acute kidney failure as a complication after cardiac catheterization
The factors highlighted were elderly, hypertensive and diabetic, previous kidney disease, hypotension, heart failure, higher contrast volumes and types, the use of NSAIDs associated with other risk factors, and atrial fibrillation
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CD) are pathologies that affect the cardiocirculatory system, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates, representing 27.7% of the causes of death in Brazil, and becoming the main cause of death in the country [1]. The following stand out: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Pulmonary Embolism (PE), Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT), and Cerebrovascular Accident (CA) [3]. These are pathologies that represent high rates and deaths, of which AMI is the most prevalent among them, representing the main cause of deaths by chronic diseases [4]. Coronary Disease, which is characterized by coronary arteries’ obstruction, induced by the presence of atheroma plaques, caused by atherosclerosis throughout life, and potentiated by the formation of a thrombus at the site of the atheroma, most often under untreated arterial hypertension. This process causes the partial or total obstruction of the lumen of the vessel, causing ischemia in the myocardium and concomitantly necrosis and death [5]
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