Risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic profile and 30-day outcomes of young patients (aged ≤35 Years) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most devastating form of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic profile and 30-day outcomes of young patients (aged ≤35 years) with STEMI. Materials and Methods: Between 1 March, 2019 and 29 February, 2020, a total of 75 young patients aged ≤35 years old, with acute STEMI were included in the study. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were evaluated for clinical presentation, risk factors for CAD, management and in hospital and 30-day outcome. Results: The mean age of patients was 31 ± 4.5 years and 96% were male. The most common cardiovascular risk factor was smoking (66.7%), followed by dyslipidaemia (61%), family history of CAD (40%) and obesity (33.3%). Diabetes mellitus (9.3%) and hypertension (14.7%) were less common. Novel risk factors such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipoprotein (a) and hyperhomocysteinaemia were having significant association to young myocardial infarction (MI). The most common location of MI was the anterior wall (68%). Significant CAD was found in 86.7% of patients. Most patients had single vessel disease (68%) with left anterior descending being the most common vessel involved (53.3%). There was no mortality during hospitalisation or 30-day period. Conclusion: Acute MI in young (≤35 years) almost exclusively occurs in male and smoking is the most common cardiovascular risk factor. Young patients have less extensive coronary involvement and favourable outcomes.