Risk factors associated with trigeminocardiac reflex in patients with trigeminal neuralgia during percutaneous balloon compression: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundThe trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem reflex commonly elicited during percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), which is characterized by drastic hemodynamic disturbances, such as bradycardia, arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest. In order to prevent catastrophic consequences, it is vital to screen the risk factors of TCR during perioperative period. The primary purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors associated with TCR in patients with TN undergoing PBC, and to summarize the enlightenment of clinical anesthesia management. MethodsThe clinical data of 165 patients diagnosed with TN undergoing PBC from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. TCR was defined as a sudden decrease in heart rate of 20% or more compared with baseline, and / or cardiac arrest, coinciding with the stimulus of any branch of the trigeminal nerve. And a clear cause-effect relationship between heart rate reduction and PBC-related intervention was required. All demographic characteristics as well as surgical and anesthetic data were compared between TCR group and TCR-free group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to further analyze TCR-related risk factors. ResultsOf the 165 patients enrolled in this study, 73 (44.2%) were male and 92 (55.8%) were female, and the average age was 64.22 ± 9.72 years. The incidence of TCR in the patients with TN during PBC was 54.5%. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that the risk factor for TCR was heart rate < 60 beats/min immediately before foramen ovale puncture (OR: 4.622; 95%CI: 1.470–14.531; P < 0.05). ConclusionHeart rate < 60 beats/min immediately before foramen ovale puncture was independently associated with TCR. Therefore, it is necessary for anesthesiologists to raise heart rate appropriately to prevent TCR during PBC.