Risk factors associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study

Abstract

Background and aimsLimited data are available regarding the risk factors associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MethodsA case-control study was conducted at Dr. Salma Center for Kidney Diseases between April and September 2019. Patients with T2DM and DKD were compared to age and sex-matched T2DM patients with no kidney disease (NKD). Socio-demographic features, clinical findings, and laboratory investigations of the study subjects and controls were analyzed using SPSS. ResultsA total of 372 patients with DKD were compared to 364 T2DM patients with NKD. The mean age of the DKD patients was 58 ± 13.4 years, their median eGFR was 37.3 ± 4.9 ml/min/1.73 m2; they had their T2DM at a significantly younger age compared to controls (P = 0.014). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a family history of diabetes mellitus, a family history of chronic kidney disease, the presence of hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, smoking, recurrent urinary tract infection, and the regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were significantly associated with the development of DKD (P values < 0.05). ConclusionA series of modifiable risk factors were found to be significant determinants for developing DKD. Primary care physicians are expected to pay considerable attention to their control.