Abstract
Diverse risk factors intercede the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted this retrospective cohort study with a cohort of 1016 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in May 2020 to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes. Data were collected by telephone-interview and reviewing records using a questionnaire and checklist. The study identified morbidity and mortality risk factors on the 28th day of the disease course. The majority of the patients were male (64.1%) and belonged to the age group 25-39 years (39.4%). Urban patients were higher in proportion than rural (69.3% vs. 30.7%). Major comorbidities included 35.0% diabetes mellitus (DM), 28.4% hypertension (HTN), 16.6% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 7.8% coronary heart disease (CHD). The morbidity rate (not-cured) was 6.0%, and the mortality rate (non-survivor) was 2.5%. Morbidity risk factors included elderly (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.31-4.99), having comorbidity (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.83-2.47), and smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.84-5.61). The morbidity risk was higher with COPD (RR = 2.68), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (RR = 3.33) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (RR = 3.99). Mortality risk factors included elderly (AOR = 7.56, 95% CI = 3.19-17.92), having comorbidity (AOR = 5.27, 95% CI = 1.88-14.79) and SLT use (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.50-7.46). The mortality risk was higher with COPD (RR = 7.30), DM (RR = 2.63), CHD (RR = 4.65), HTN (RR = 3.38), CKD (RR = 9.03), CLD (RR = 10.52) and malignant diseases (RR = 9.73). We must espouse programme interventions considering the morbidity and mortality risk factors to condense the aggressive outcomes of COVID-19.
Highlights
A newly emergent coronavirus causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first documented in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause [1]
It is irrefutably obligatory to determine the risk factors to avert the aggressive consequences of COVID-19 patients. In this particular study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients
We conducted this single centred retrospective cohort study to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course
Summary
A newly emergent coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 − SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first documented in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause [1]. WHO declared COVID-19 as a global emergency on 30 January 2020 [3] and as pandemic on 11 March 2020 [4]. 213 countries (on 11 August 2020) are confronting the grave consequences of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic [5]. The situation is sprouting rapidly with increasing case counts and deaths worldwide [5]. In this course, Bangladesh is confronting the tolls of morbidity and mortality posed by this highly infectious disease with community transmission across the country
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