Abstract
BackgroundIn rural Burkina Faso, the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) primarily feeds indoors at night. Identification of factors which influence mosquito house entry could lead to development of novel malaria vector control interventions. A study was therefore carried out to identify risk factors associated with house entry of An. gambiae s.l. in south-west Burkina Faso, an area of high insecticide resistance.MethodsMosquitoes were sampled monthly during the malaria transmission season using CDC light traps in 252 houses from 10 villages, each house sleeping at least one child aged five to 15 years old. Potential risk factors for house entry of An. gambiae s.l. were measured, including socio-economic status, caregiver’s education and occupation, number of people sleeping in the same part of the house as the child, use of anti-mosquito measures, house construction and fittings, proximity of anopheline aquatic habitats and presence of animals near the house. Mosquito counts were compared using a generalized linear mixed-effect model with negative binomial and log link function, adjusting for repeated collections.Results20,929 mosquitoes were caught, of which 16,270 (77.7%) were An. gambiae s.l. Of the 6691 An. gambiae s.l. identified to species, 4101 (61.3%) were An. gambiae sensu stricto and 2590 (38.7%) Anopheles coluzzii. Having a metal-roof on the child’s sleeping space (IRR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.95, p = 0.03) was associated with fewer malaria vectors inside the home.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the rate of An. gambiae s.l. was 45% lower in sleeping spaces with a metal roof, compared to those with thatch roofs. Improvements in house construction, including installation of metal roofs, should be considered in endemic areas of Africa to reduce the burden of malaria.
Highlights
In rural Burkina Faso, the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) primarily feeds indoors at night
This study reports on the household and environmental risk factors associated with the density of An. gambiae s.l. in the children’s sleeping space during the peak malaria transmission period from 24 July to 28 December 2017
Children received a curative dose of artemisinin-based combination therapy and 252 children who were successfully cleared of P. falciparum infection were included in the cohort study and this current study reports on the entomological surveillance from the children’s sleeping space
Summary
In rural Burkina Faso, the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) primarily feeds indoors at night. A study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with house entry of An. gambiae s.l. in south-west Burkina Faso, an area of high insecticide resistance. Despite large reductions in the malaria burden across sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2015 [1], some countries continue to experience extremely high malaria transmission [2]. Burkina Faso is an area of intense seasonal malaria transmission, and cases are increasing [11,12,13] despite high coverage of vector control tools, including three national insecticide-treated net (ITN) mass distribution campaigns in 2010, 2013 and 2016 [14].
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