Risk factors associated with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a serious contagious disease of goats, sheep and wild ruminants caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae. The disease is known for its high mortality, morbidity and economic losses. A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling technique was conducted in Amhara region from January 2019 to July 2019 to estimate seroprevalence and identify risk factors of CCPP occurrence in the region. A total of 2080 goats from 61 villages and 12 districts of the region were tested for CCPP serostatus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors of CCPP seropositivity at animal and flock-level. The serum sample results revealed an overall animal level seroprevalence of 5.1% (95% CI: 3.8–6.6) and flock-level prevalence of 26.0% (95% CI: 19.7–33.4). At individual animal level, presence of other health problems (OR = 45.9 (95% CI: 25.3–83.4)), age (adult age (OR = 6.2 (95% CI:3.4–11.4)) and old age (OR = 13.1 (95% CI: 6.2–27.8))), and breed type (Afar (OR= 32.3 (95% CI: 2.9–366.1)), Central highland (OR=13.7 (95% CI: 1.3–140.6)), and western highland (OR=16.2 (95% CI: 1.4–185.7))) were identified as risk factors for CCPP seropositivity. In contrast, contact with other flocks (OR = 59.9 (95% CI: 6.1–585.6)), presence of trade route (OR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0–9.1)) and presence of sheep (OR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.2–5.7)) were flock-level risk factors for CCPP seropositivity. Generally, CCPP appears to be common among goats of Amhara region. Goat flocks dominated with older age animals; breeds of Afar, central highland, and western highland; raise with sheep; have contact with other flocks; and kept along trade routes are more at risk for CCPP. Hence, awareness creation to the producers, movement control, and regular prophylactic vaccination should be considered to control CCPP in Amhara region.