Risk Factors and Serum S-100 Protein Level Analysis of Ischaemic Stroke Patients: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Information regarding the associated risk factors is very important in treating patients with ischaemic stroke besides severity measurement. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is the most commonly used deficit rating scale to assess stroke severity. Serum S-100 protein is a low molecular weight calcium-binding protein expressed mostly in glial cells like astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells. During ischaemic process, S-100 protein is secreted from the glial cells into the extracellular space. After secretion, S-100 protein releases initially into the cerebrospinal fluid and then eventually into the bloodstream due to disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors and Serum S-100 protein level of ischaemic stroke patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 70 patients with ischaemic stroke from the Department of Neurology, BSMMU were enrolled in this study. After taking proper history and neurological examination, the severity of ischemic stroke was assessed on the basis of NIHSS score. Then, serum S-100 protein levels were measured by Electrochemiluminiscence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0. Results: In this study, as risk factors, maximum patients 45(64.3%) had hypertension followed by dyslipidemia 34(48.6%), diabetes mellitus 23(32.9%), heart disease 22(31.4%), history of previous vascular events 9(12.9%) and family history of stroke 8(11.4%). In assessing the relationship among severity of ischaemic stroke with Serum S-100 protein level we observed that the mean ± SD S-100 protein level was found 0.283± 0.165 μg/L with the range of 0.103-1.019 μg/L. Mean± SD levels of serum S-100 protein .....