Risk factors and prognosis of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy in north-eastern Poland

Abstract

Though epilepsy occurs in 15–90% of children with cerebral palsy (CP) its clinical course is not well defined. We therefore conducted studies of 198 children with CP seen in Pediatric Neurology Department of the Medical Academy in Bial̷ystok between 1994 and, 2001. The aim was to evaluate the risk factors, incidence and prognosis of epilepsy in CP. The overall epilepsy incidence was 41.4%. Epilepsy most commonly affected children with spastic tetraplegia 65.6%. Low birth weight, neonatal seizures, seizures during the first year of life, family history of epilepsy, severity of CP and computer tomography findings were found to be related to significantly increased risk of epilepsy in children with CP in the logistic regression analysis. Intractable epilepsy occurred in 51.2%, while in spastic tetraplegia it was even higher (60%). Controlled epilepsy was observed in 83.3% of spastic diplegia and in 72.7% of spastic hemiplegia. Polytherapy was commonly used in children with spastic tetraplegia 59.5%. Partial seizures secondarily generalized, infantile spasms and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome were the most frequently observed seizures in epileptic children with CP. Epilepsy is common in children with CP and has poor prognosis.