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Abstract
<i>Background</i>: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors and mutations in <I>VIM</I> gene among Sudanese’s breast cancer women in Khartoum State. <i>Methods</i>: This case-control study involved 45 patients with breast cancer and 45controls. It was conducted across three hospitals and two laboratories in Khartoum State. A structural questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding age, family history, menarche, marriage, menopause, pregnancy, nulliparous and parous women, breast-feeding, use of fertility or contraceptive drugs and grade of the disease. DNA from patient and control tissues was extracted using extraction kits. PCR was conducted to amplify <I>VIM</I> gene using specific primers. PCR products were sequenced in order to detect the mutation in <I>VIM</I> gene. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square tests to identify risk factors associated with breast cancer. <i>Results</i>: The study showed that the main risk factors associated with breast cancer were family history with first degree relative, menarche, irregularity of menarche, reproductive factors such as pregnancy, breast-feeding and nulliparous. DNA sequencing revealed no mutations in <I>VIM</I> gene associated with breast cancer in Sudanese women in Khartoum State. <i>Conclusion</i>: The association of other risk factors such as menopausal status, age of menopausal, oral contraceptive birth control and fertility hormones needs more illumination and further work. Other genes associated with breast cancer can be investigated.
Highlights
Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women across the world [1]
Ninety women were enrolled in this study, 45with breast cancer considered as cases and 45 women who were negatively diagnosed were selected as control
This study has revealed that family history with first degree relative, menarche, irregular of menarche, reproductive factors such as pregnancy, breast-feeding and nulliparous are the strongest risk factors associated with breast cancer for Sudanese women
Summary
Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women across the world [1]. the incidence rate is higher in Europe and the United States the death rates are insignificant [2]. A high standard of mortality rates (ASR) for breast cancer in women living in Khartoum State -using the agestandardized rates per 100 000 person-year between 1966 and 2000, were 60.8 and 66.8 per 100000, respectively. This data is higher than other studies reported in black women in East Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe (46.8 per 100,000, 2006– 2010) and in Kampala, Uganda (31.0 per 100,000, 1991–2006) [5]. DNA sequencing revealed no mutations in VIM gene associated with breast cancer in Sudanese women in Khartoum State.
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