Risk factors and long-term outcomes of pediatric liver transplant recipients with chronic high Epstein-Barr virus loads.

Abstract

Serial monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reveals that certain pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients exhibit high EBV loads for long periods. We investigated the incidence and risk factors of chronic high EBV (CHEBV) loads (continuous EBV DNA >10000IU/mL of whole blood for ≥6months) and long-term outcomes. This single center, retrospective observational study investigated pediatric LT recipients who survived ≥6months. We quantitated EBV DNA weekly during hospitalization and subsequently every 4 or 6weeks at the outpatient clinic. Tacrolimus was maintained at a low trough level (<3ng/mL, EBV DNA load >5000IU/mL). Thirty-one of 77 LT recipients developed CHEBV. Univariate analysis revealed that age <2years and body weight <10kg upon LT, operation time <700minutes, warm ischemia time (WIT) >35minutes, graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) >2.7%, and preoperative EBV seronegativity were significantly associated with the development of CHEBV loads. Multivariate analysis identified significant associations of CHEBV with WIT >35minutes, GRWR >2.7%, and preoperative seronegative. None of the recipients developed post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Survival rates of patients with and without CHEBV loads were not significantly different. A significant number of pediatric LT recipients developed CHEBV loads. Long WIT, high GRWR, and preoperative EBV seronegativity were significantly associated with the development of CHEBV loads. Although the long-term outcomes of patients with or without CHEBV loads were not significantly different, further studies of more subjects are warranted.