Abstract
Background: Horses are herd animals that have been domesticated in the last century.In several countries, an overview of risk factors and clinical evaluation in horses with colic has not been well-described. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors and hematological profiles in horses associated with colic in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during April - October 2019. A total of 115 horses were diagnosed based on physical examination, clinical symptoms, and rectal examination. A questionnaire was asked to the horse-owners to analyze the risk factors while the clinical examination was performed and blood samples were collected for pre-treatment and 14 days post-treatment. Hematological profile was evaluated from a whole blood sample. Serum cortisol, plasma epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations were also evaluated after separating the aliquots. Results: Of the 115 horses, 96 were diagnosed with colic. The horses with colic showed a significant association between cases with gender (p<0.021), breed (p<0.000), wheat bran feeding (p<0.015), concentrate feeding (p<0.003), anthelmintics administration (p<0.000), gastrointestinal parasites (p<0.000), dental diseases (p<0.024), previous exposure to colic (p<0.000), body condition score (p<0.000), and access to water per day (p<0.000). Based on whole blood and serum evaluation, there were ameliorated significantly on the hematological profile (p<0.01), serum cortisol (p<0.05), and plasma epinephrine (p<0.01) at14 days post-treatment. Conclusion: This study has identified factors associated with colic in Delman horses. The study provides crucial information to investigate cases of colic and to contribute the development of healthcare strategies during treatment and clinical evaluation.
Highlights
Colic is defined as abdominal pain which is the most common cause of death in horses
This study has identified factors associated with colic in Delman horses
The colic diagnosis was based on the following typical clinical signs: abdominal pain, abdominal distention, dehydration, intestinal movement, intestinal sound, sense of appetite, heart rate per minute, profuse sweating, frequent urination, congested mucous membrane, and elevated body temperature (Table 1)
Summary
Colic is defined as abdominal pain which is the most common cause of death in horses. Author needs to highlight the researchable problem with colic in Delman horses, especially in Indonesia. An overview of risk factors and clinical evaluation in horses with colic has not been well‐described. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors and hematological profiles in horses associated with colic in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 115 horses were diagnosed based on physical examination, clinical symptoms, and rectal examination. A questionnaire was asked to the horse-owners to analyze the risk factors while the clinical examination was performed and blood samples were collected for pre-treatment and 14 days post-treatment. Based on whole blood and serum evaluation, there were ameliorated significantly on the hematological profile (p
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