Abstract
This study investigated the risk factors and early predictors for heterotopic pregnancy (HP) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). From January 2008 to January 2013, 41 cases of HP and 72 cases of intrauterine twin pregnancy after IVF-ET were recruited and retrospectively analyzed. Compared with intrauterine twin pregnancy group, the HP group had a lower basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level (P = 0.005) and more cases had a history of hydrosalpinx (P = 0.008). After 14 days of IVF-ET, the serum β-HCG (β-human chorionic gonadotropin), E2 (Estradiol) and P (Progesterone) levels were lower in HP group (P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain were the significant features of HP before diagnosis (P<0.001, respectively). Further by logistic regression, serum β-hCG, P levels on the 14th day after ET, and vaginal bleeding were identified as the independent factors of HP. These results indicate that when two or more embryos transferred in IVF procedure, β-hCG, P levels on the 14th day after ET, and vaginal bleeding could be taken as predictors for HP.
Highlights
Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is defined as co-existence of extra-uterine and intra-uterine gestations, occurring at two or more implantation sites
HP was diagnosed based on serum β-hCG level above 5 mIU/ml after the 14 days of embryo transfer; and β-hCG continued to rise, with or without abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and other symptoms; pregnant uterine sac echo mass, extra-uterine gestational sac, pelvic fluid were found by transvaginal B ultrasonic (TVB)
Cases of intrauterine twin pregnancy were diagnosed based on serum β-hCG above 5 mIU/ml after the 14 days of embryo transfer, and two gestational sac and primitive heart tube pulse were found in the uterine cavity by TVB after the 35 days of embryo transfer; the two fetus were normal by abdominal sonography after 65 days of embryo transfer
Summary
Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is defined as co-existence of extra-uterine and intra-uterine gestations, occurring at two or more implantation sites. The incidence of HP in spontaneous pregnancies is about 1/30,000 (1/10,000-1/50,000). The incidence of HP is gradually increased, which has reached to 1.5/1000[1], and some areas have even been closed to 1/100 [2]. The difference in these percentages is attributed to the high incidence of pelvic inflammatory. Risk Factors and Early Predictors for Heterotopic Pregnancy after IVF
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
