Abstract
Background: Birth defect is one of the most important causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. In a developing country like Bangladesh many possible factors for birth defects are present which should be identified. This study was performed to determine those risk factors of birth defect and complications associated with it.
 Materials and Methods: A hospital based matched case-control study was conducted from August 2015 to July 2016 in department of Neonatology along with Obstetrics and Gynecology at BSMMU. A total of 98 mother-infant pair (49 babies with birth defect as cases and 49 healthy babies without any birth defects as controls) was included in the study. For each case, a gestational age, sex and post-natal age matched control was taken. Data was collected by face to face interview. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were computed to examine the effect of independent variables on outcome variable using SPSS 23.0. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
 Results: The mean (± SD) birth weight for cases and controls were 2718.37 (±756.9) grams, and 2617.14 (±978.8) grams respectively. Cardiovascular system was the predominant system (21%) involved in birth defects. Maternal age between 20-29 years (AOR: 4.69; 95% CI 1.078, 20.448), less than four antenatal care visits (AOR: 10.07; 95% CI 2.816, 36.0), no multivitamin intake (AOR: 7.38; 95% CI 1.791, 30.365) and presence of maternal diabetes (AOR: 0.194; 95% CI 0.047, 0.799) were significantly associated with birth defects among newborns. Sepsis, asphyxia, hypoglycemia and dyselectrolytemia were the most prevalent problems among these babies. The need of intravenous fluid, thermal care, antibiotics and mechanical ventilation was also high among the cases.
 Conclusion: Birth defect is an upcoming issue in current newborn health situation which need to be prioritized. Significant risk factors should be addressed timely for early diagnosis and proper management of these babies can help in reduction of mortality.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.133-140
Highlights
Birth defects are structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic disorders, which are present at the time of birth[1]
The result of the present study demonstrated that mean gestational age of the birth defect group was 35.96 ± 2.55 weeks
Current study showed that diabetes mellitus was the only maternal disease having significant association with birth defect (p value=0.038, OR= 4.472, 95% CI = 1.086-18.409) which is comparable to other studies[10, 15]
Summary
Birth defects are structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic disorders, which are present at the time of birth[1]. Risk Factors and Complications of Newborns with Birth Defect: A Hospital based Case-Control Study between 54.1 and 64.3 per 1000 live births and in Bangladesh 58.6 /1000 live births that contributes to about 5–7% of mortality[3]. Many studies have been conducted to determine the association of various risk factors with the incidence of birth defects. Documentation regarding birth defect is necessary to know the magnitude, associated risk factors and immediate outcome for proper management of anomalous babies and to develop health programs for prevention of this condition. This study aimed to determine the common risk factors of birth defect and to identify the complications among those newborns in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine those risk factors of birth defect and complications associated with it. Significant risk factors should be addressed timely for early diagnosis and proper management of these babies can help in reduction of mortality
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
