Abstract
Objective: Risk factors among chronic kidney disease (CKD)/ chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) patients were followed in Padaviya (PDV), and Girandurukotte/ Mahiyanganaya (GK/MH) of Sri Lanka, where CKDu was endemic. The studies profiled risk factor data pertaining to CKD and assessed risk factor association with renal dysfunction in the areas concerned. Methods: Data of initiation risk factors (IRF) that existed prior to diagnosis, progression risk factors and demography were collected in cross sectional studies at PDV, and GK/MH separately. Subject participation was volunteer and preceded informed consent. Control and CKD/CKDu groups were identified using serum creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate followed by verification of renal status with urine albumin to creatinine ratio obtained from spot samples. Data were analysed as compared to control with chi-square goodness of fit test and odds ratio. Results: Among IRF, both chi-square and odds ratio revealed (p
Highlights
The chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka is an endemic nephropathy marked by progressive tubulointerstitial damage in kidneys [1]
The study followed medical and demographic risk factors pertaining to the chronic kidney disease in two areas endemic to the chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in North Central and Uva provinces of Sri Lanka
In Girandurukotte/ Mahiyanganaya (GK/MH), 69.5% reported initiation risk factors (IRF) among the CKD affected while its endemic control group reported 41.7%
Summary
The chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka is an endemic nephropathy marked by progressive tubulointerstitial damage in kidneys [1]. A range of other demographic factors such as exposure to agrochemicals, contaminated drinking water, and genetic predisposition, as well as exposure to heavy metals [5] have been received the attention as causal but the issue remains without a finality. For this reason, the disease is termed CKD of unknown aetiology (CKDu) and more recently as CKD of multifactorial origin (CKDmfo) in Sri Lanka [6]. The disease is termed CKD of unknown aetiology (CKDu) and more recently as CKD of multifactorial origin (CKDmfo) in Sri Lanka [6] It implies aetiology beyond the medically established CKD risk factors. It is important that the contribution of both medically established and other suspected risk factors of the disease development be assessed in endemic areas
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