Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a methodology for assessing the potential ecological and geochemical hazard of environmental pollution during the creation of new and functioning of existing mining complexes using the example of studying representative objects. The objects were selected according to the principle of the most saturated deposits, which serve as the core of mining complexes, toxic elements and the scale of mineralization, i.e. reserves of the deposits themselves. The methodology for assessing potential ecological and geochemical hazards is based on the following three principles: hierarchical approach; significance of the assessments; objectivity of information. The first involves the comparison of proportionate units, because the calculation of risk is carried out in points. The significance of the assessments was achieved by using those factors that can have a significant impact on the environment during the development of the deposit and determine the degree of sustainability of the natural environment when exploration territories. The objectivity of information was achieved by using the necessary and sufficient number of factors for assessing the risk of exploration and development of deposits and a significant amount of data obtained from the results of ecological and geochemical work with appropriate metrological support and laboratory analytical studies only in accredited centers. The methodology involves taking into account the totality of natural and technogenic environmental impact factors when developing solid mineral deposits, ranking them by importance and actually their integral assessment. As a result of the study of a large number of mining objects, according to our own and published data, by the method of expert assessments, the main factors of the influence of the developed deposits on the environment located in various natural conditions were established. Among these factors, 4 groups are distinguished: mineralogenic, landscape, hydrogeological and technogenic.
Highlights
The topic of research is due to the extremely large number of developed mineral deposits (DD) in our country, located in various natural conditions and, in connection with this, having a completely different impact on the environment (EN)
In the long-term planning of mineral deposit development, it is necessary to take into account the type of climate of the exploration territory
The proposed approach to risk assessment of ecological and geochemical hazards from the activities of mining enterprises allows to plan its construction taking into account the natural conditions of localization of deposits, the main of which are genetic types of relief and soils, hydrogeological and mineralogical
Summary
The topic of research is due to the extremely large number of developed mineral deposits (DD) in our country, located in various natural conditions and, in connection with this, having a completely different impact on the environment (EN). Thanks to this approach is it possible to predict the response of the natural environment to the technogenic transformation associated with the development and concentration of ores.
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