Abstract
The coastal aquifer, one of Israel's major water resources, is becoming increasingly polluted. Several wells in major urban areas were closed down because they contained contaminants at levels considered harmful to human health. Groundwater contamination is exacerbated due to irrigation with treated effluents and underground water quality has become a major concern regarding future supply of water in the country. While secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment processes can decrease most pollutants including nitrates, salinity level is higher in effluents than in influents and should be treated. Desalination processes can be applied to saline aquifers, to National Carrier water, or to unconventional water sources including wastewater or seawater.
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