Abstract
Phosphorus and calcium are essential nutrients for the human body. However, excessive intake of phosphates and a low calcium:phosphorus ratio can lead to disorders in calcium-phosphorus metabolism, kidney disease, or osteoporosis. In this study, a total diet study (TDS) was used. The total phosphorus concentrations of foods were combined with the average dietary consumption to calculate the estimated daily intake, which was compared with the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) to assess the resulting health risk of total phosphorus exposure. The calcium concentration in food and total calcium intake were also analyzed and estimated to calculate the calcium:phosphorus ratio. In conclusion, the phosphate exposure risks for the Taiwanese population are acceptable. However, the calcium:phosphorus ratio in the Taiwanese population (0.51–0.63) is lower than the reference calcium:phosphorus ratio (1.25).
Highlights
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient and component of the human body
Healthy people and animals have a higher tolerance for phosphate, but excess phosphorus intake is harmful to the human body and may lead to elevated serum phosphorus, triggering calcium–phosphorus metabolism disorders, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases [3,4,5]
Using the total diet study (TDS) method, this study explored the risk of phosphate intake in the Taiwanese population
Summary
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient and component of the human body. It is used in the form of phosphate and plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.Most phosphorus intake comes from food. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient and component of the human body. It is used in the form of phosphate and plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The absorption efficiency and bioavailability are extremely high and so the absorption rate of added phosphorus can reach up to 80–100%. Healthy people and animals have a higher tolerance for phosphate, but excess phosphorus intake is harmful to the human body and may lead to elevated serum phosphorus, triggering calcium–phosphorus metabolism disorders, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases [3,4,5]. Phosphate additives play important roles as acid regulators, emulsifiers, humectants, leavening agents, sequestrants, stabilizers, and thickeners in the food industry. Studies in recent years have discovered that more attention has been paid to phosphorus intake along with the widespread use of phosphate additives, which is likely to further
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