Abstract
In this paper, a closed-loop simulation of vehicle dynamics in CarSim is utilized as surrogate measures to study the effect of pavement roughness and differential settlement on risk of vehicle rollover and skidding. It is found that the influence of pavement roughness on vehicle rollover is significant and the influence of pavement roughness on vehicle skidding is insignificant. The influence of pavement roughness of grade A and B on safety margin of vehicle rollover can be negligible. Pavement roughness of grade C and D significantly reduces the safety margin of vehicle rollover. A 5 cm settlement difference on pavement reduces the safety margin of vehicle skidding on a good road. When the settlement difference is 5 cm, the vehicle rollover and skidding are greatly affected by the lane-changing speed. It provides an effective and general method based on vehicle dynamics for studying transportation safety as well as for setting up criteria for pavement maintenance.
Highlights
Despite the decline in highway fatalities from 2001 to 2014 [1], the death toll caused by traffic accidents is still very high
Traditional road safety studies identify road sections with traffic accident and rely heavily on historical traffic accident data [6,7,8,9]. ese methods belong to post hoc analysis and have limited usage for improving road safety for road during design stage. Sun and his associates proposed a new method based on vehicle dynamics for road safety study [10,11,12,13,14]. e method analyzes dynamic responses of a vehicle model on a given road considering road geometry, pavement friction coefficient, operating speed of the road, pavement roughness [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33], weather conditions, wind speed, driver behavior, roadside environment, vehicle trajectory, and other factors. e dynamic responses can be linked to traffic accident counts or percentage and serve as excellent surrogate measures for evaluating road safety
In order to study the influence of various road factors on vehicle driving safety through relatively few and highly representative simulations, the orthogonal test method is used. is paper analyzes the influence of horizontal curve (A), grade (B), superelevation (C), road adhesion coefficient (D), vehicle speed (E), and pavement roughness (F) on vehicle rollover and skidding, and the horizontal curve interacts with grade (A × B), horizontal curve interacts with superelevation (A × C), and horizontal curve interacts with road adhesion coefficient (A × D) which are considered. e level of each factor is shown in Table 3, each of which contains three factor levels. e road studied in this paper is highway, road width is
Summary
Despite the decline in highway fatalities from 2001 to 2014 [1], the death toll caused by traffic accidents is still very high. Ese methods belong to post hoc analysis and have limited usage for improving road safety for road during design stage. Sun and his associates proposed a new method based on vehicle dynamics for road safety study [10,11,12,13,14]. Is vehicle-dynamics-based method has a number of advantages First of all, it is objective and does not rely on the evaluator’s subjective rating. Vehicle rollover and skidding have been studied by many researchers, what is missing in literature is the study of pavement roughness and differential (longitudinal) settlement in pavement on vehicle rollover and skidding, which is the focus of this paper
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