Risk assessment of pulmonary embolism using Revised Geneva Score in solid tumor: Relationship with histopathology type

Abstract

Abstract Background Cancer has been known as a strong risk factor for thromboembolism in both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). PE often appears asymptomatic whereas the mortality rate can reach 80%. The histopathology type of adenocarcinoma (AC) is a risk factor that increases the incidence of PE. This study aimed to determine the proportion of PE and venous thrombosis incidence in the high-probability group according to the Revised Geneva Score and to obtain the probability number of PE incidence and its association with the histopathology type of solid cancer. Method This was a cross-sectional study. Research subjects were determined using consecutive sampling techniques in Dharmais Cancer Center Hospital Jakarta from September to November 2018. Results A total of 124 subjects were included in this study consisting of 62 subjects for each AC and non-adenocarcinoma (NAC) groups respectively. Mean of age was 52 years old with a greater number of female subjects. Based on the Revised Geneva Score, there were 11 subjects (8.8%) into low-clinical probability group, 96 subjects (77.4%) into intermediate-clinical probability group and 17 subjects (13.8%) into high-clinical probability group of PE. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in the high-clinical probability group was 94.1%. There were 58.8% subjects having both PE and DVT, 11.8% only had PE and 23.6% experienced DVT alone. Subjects with histopathology type of AC were 2.58 times greater to be a high-probability group of the Revised Geneva Score compared with NAC. Conclusion Solid cancer with histopathology type of AC increases the likelihood of PE incidence when compared with NAC.